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BRUSSELS?? The European Commission, facing opposition in city streets, on the Internet and in the halls of parliament, has suspended efforts to ratify a new international anti-counterfeiting agreement, and instead will refer it to Europe's highest court to see whether it violates any fundamental EU rights.
EU Trade Commissioner Karel De Gucht asserted Wednesday that an opinion from the European Court of Justice would clear away the fog of misinformation surrounding the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement, known as ACTA.
"This debate must be based upon facts and not upon the misinformation or rumor that has dominated social media sites and blogs in recent weeks," De Gucht told reporters in Brussels.
The decision appeared to reflect recognition by European Union officials of the political obstacles. Protests against the agreement were staged earlier this month in several European capitals ? including Berlin, Helsinki, Paris and Vienna ? by critics who say the agreement would stifle free speech and access to information.
The hacking group known as Anonymous claimed responsibility last week for a new series of hacks against the U.S. Federal Trade Commission and consumer rights websites. The sites were replaced with a violent German-language video satirizing ACTA.
ACTA has been under negotiation for years. Its drafters say it is needed to harmonize international standards to protect the rights of those who produce music, movies, pharmaceuticals, fashion goods, and a range of other products that often fall victim to piracy and intellectual property theft.
The U.S. has signed the agreement. Others include Australia, Canada, Japan, Morocco, New Zealand, Singapore, and South Korea. Mexico and Switzerland participated in the negotiations but have not yet signed.
The EU and 22 EU Member States signed ACTA on 26 January 2012 in Tokyo. Although the European Council ? the European Union heads of government ? unanimously approved ACTA in December, for the EU to be a party to the treaty, all 27 member countries would have to formally ratify it.
The treaty has been questioned by members of the European Parliament. On Sunday, European Parliament President Martin Schulz told Germany's ARD television: "I don't find it good in its current form."
He said the necessary balance between copyright protection and the individual rights of Internet users "is only very inadequately anchored in this agreement."
And in a statement Wednesday, David Martin, a spokesman on the issue for the Socialists and Democrats, the second largest bloc in the Parliament, welcomed the decision to get the court's opinion.
"Trade Commissioner Karel de Gucht today admitted that there are still many question marks about ACTA and what the implementation of the agreement, as it stands, would mean for citizens and for the freedom of the internet," Martin said. "The Parliament has been calling for more clarity for a long time, and we already requested legal opinions from several committees in the European Parliament. Now this ruling will be a good guarantee for the impact on fundamental rights.
EU officials say the agreement will not change EU law. They insist what was legal pre-treaty would remain legal the day after, and what was illegal would remain illegal. But they have said the EU must ratify it as an example to other countries where intellectual property rights are less protected than they are in the EU in order to protect European products and ideas from being stolen elsewhere.
"ACTA will not censor websites or shut them down; ACTA will not hinder freedom of the internet or freedom of speech," De Gucht said.
However, opponents fear ACTA would lead to censorship and a loss of privacy on the Internet. And the plan to gain court approval of the agreement has left at least some of them unimpressed.
"No legal debate can fix ACTA or give it a legitimacy that by design it cannot have," said Jeremie Zimmermann, co-founder of the Internet advocacy group La Quadrature du Net.
Copyright 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/46479956/ns/technology_and_science-tech_and_gadgets/
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"Girl I wanna f*** you right now. Been a long time, I've been missing your body." - the first line of Chris Brown and Rihanna's remix of "Birthday Cake"
Despite suggestive lyrics like that, and plenty of other rumors surrounding Chris Brown and Rihanna, Karrueche Tran isn't bothered by all the noise.
That's because the two have an open relationship, according to reports.
"Karrueche isn't stupid, and she has told friends that they have an open relationship. She never asks about Rihanna, ever," says a source of Brown's girlfriend.
"Chris will take several days to call her back at times, and that is OK with Karreuche. She doesn't pressure or hound Chris, it's just not what she is about."
"She recognizes that they are both young, and she isn't going to let the fact Chris is spending time with his ex-girlfriend come between what they have."
What they have? It doesn't sound like much ... but good for them!
Karreuche and Brown were recently seen in Miami, and she "is clearly enjoying the attention and notoriety she is getting being his girlfriend," a source says.
As for rumors that Rihanna may become his girlfriend instead?
In 2009, Chris Brown was arrested for felony battery on Rihanna, the night before the Grammy Awards. Now they're making beautiful music together again.
Only in the literal sense ... or maybe not. While sources say they are not planning a reconciliation, Rihanna would not fear the public backlash if they did.
"They have probably hooked up half a dozen times in the past year, but it's unlikely that Rihanna and Chris would ever get back together though,” an insider said.
The reason being?
“Rihanna doesn't give a s--t if she were to get public backlash if they were to reconcile, but she is the one calling the shots now, which she likes."
"She knows that if they were to get back together, she wouldn't be able to maintain that strong role, and Chris would likely lose interest."
"They are both very young still, and Rihanna knows she would never be able to trust Chris because he has problems staying faithful."
Given that he's supposedly hooking up with her while dating Karreuche Tran right now, she would have a decent argument to make there.
[Photos: WENN.com]
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Hygiene Standards in Catering
Posted: 17 Feb 2012 01:52 PM PST
When working within a commercial catering environment, suitable food hygiene practices are necessary. Such practices are necessary to reduce the risk of contamination or harm to both customers and employees, as well as being a legal requirement. One of the most vital methods to reduce chances of contamination is storage of food within the correct environment.Linemarking: What Are the Options?
Posted: 17 Feb 2012 01:35 PM PST
Health and safety is paramount in any environment or workplace and now there are plenty of modern products on the market that can not only increase safety on site but prevent any accidents from happening. Glow in the dark tape and glow in the dark treads are one solution for areas that may need an extra element of safety particularly in factory or institutional environments such as schools, hospitals and warehouses.Using Pipe Markers to Adhere to ANSI Pipe Marking Regulations
Posted: 17 Feb 2012 01:34 PM PST
When you are working in an industrial factory where you are likely to interact with a lot of pipes which have chemicals, gases and fluids flowing through them, you are likely to encounter quite a bit of confusion regarding the pipe locations and what they carry. This is especially true if you happen to have a large staff that don't all work closely with the chemicals but have their work stations within the factory floor. All industries have to follow certain safety regulations that have been set by the American Government.Water Heating System: Its Basic Components and Functions
Posted: 17 Feb 2012 01:04 PM PST
Heat is a valuable form of energy generated from various sources and circulated using different means for different applications. Combusted fuel, sunlight, and electricity are some of the most usual sources of heat. Depending on the agent used to transfer heat, the performance of those sources may vary.Why Should You Recycle Scrap Metal?
Posted: 17 Feb 2012 12:59 PM PST
The common attitude that seems to be prevalent across the country (and the world) when it comes to recycling scrap metal seems to be "why should I?" In most people's opinions, it's too hard to recycle scrap or there's nothing in it for them so they don't bother.Source: http://dailytipsforbusiness.blogspot.com/2012/02/industrial-mechanical_18.html
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Question from Robby H. of West Clay:
My insurance agent is always trying to sell me an umbrella policy. Is this something I should consider adding? It just seems like an extra cost.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
It sounds like you have a good agent. I always encourage my clients to at least consider adding the extra layer of liability protection an umbrella/catastrophe policy will add. An umbrella policy is really all about having the peace of mind in knowing your family and assets are protected.
There are many ways to end up with an umbrella claim, but the most common umbrella claim is an auto accident involving multiple injuries and very costly medical bills. The other common claim is an incident on your property that results in injury.
This is definitely a topic you should discuss with your independent insurance agent to make sure you are protected by a level of coverage you are comfortable with. Most people should be pretty comfortable with a coverage limit of $1 million, but limits more than $10 million are available if you are looking for higher limits.
There are some things that make a claim more likely, such as having a pool, living on a lake, having a young driver and owning a boat/ATV/snow mobile (basically anything fun). Instead of talking about prevention this week, I want to show a couple of claim scenarios to illustrate how an umbrella policy will work.
Scenario one: The insured?s son was driving his car on a short road trip with a friend, the claimant. The car drifted off the road and into a phone pole when the son fell asleep at the wheel. The passenger was hospitalized for more than a month with broken bones and internal injuries. The hospitalization was followed by some time in a wheelchair, but he was able to walk again after six months of physical therapy. This claim cost $800,000, with $300,000 coming from the auto limits and $500,000 coming from the umbrella limits.
Scenario two: The insured is having a summer barbeque and one of the guests step off the edge of a retaining wall, resulting in a spinal cord injury. He required multiple surgeries, an extended hospital stay and physical therapy. This claim cost $1.8 million, with $1 million coming from the homeowners limits and $800,000 coming from the umbrella limits.
?
By Ryan Samuelson
Source: http://currentinfishers.com/why-is-my-agent-pushing-for-an-umbrella-policy
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The movie's power comes from its uncompromising take on the heroism of a Polish sewer inspector during the country's 1942 German occupation.
Agnieszka Holland's powerful "In Darkness" is set in 1942 in ?the eastern Polish city of Lvov at a time when it was occupied by the Germans and their Ukrainian allies. The city's Christian inhabitants, battered and war-weary, are still far better off than the Jews, whom the Nazis randomly shoot in the streets and ghettoize en route to their eventual deportation to concentration camps.
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Leopold Socha (Robert Wieckiewicz) is a Polish sewer inspector who also doubles as a scavenger. To provide for his wife and daughter, and also, we sense, because he likes the thrill of the hunt, he and his accomplice (Krzysztof Skonieczny) loot the abandoned buildings of Jews. Because of Socha's knowledge of the sewers, the local Ukrainian Nazi officer offers him an added financial incentive to root out the Jews hiding underground.
Unlike most Holocaust-themed movies, even some of the strongest (like "Schindler's List"), "In Darkness," which is based on true events and is Oscar-nominated for best foreign film, doesn't draw clear lines of demarcation between the righteous and the venal. Socha initially keeps several Jewish families hidden away, not because he is noble but because the Jews make him a better offer ? a richer bribe. And the Jews crammed into the blackness and the stench are not sentimentalized. One man, for example, has abandoned his wife and daughter for his mistress, whom he likewise abandons when she becomes pregnant. With the exception of the group's leader, Mundek Margulies (Benno F?rmann), who is portrayed in classic stalwart-hero mold, none of the Jews are given the star treatment.
This is as it should be. Holland and her screenwriter David Shamoon (whose parents fled Baghdad to escape Iraq's persecution of Jews) understand that suffering isn't necessarily ennobling and that sometimes goodness emanates from the unlikeliest sources ? in this case, Socha. The movie's power comes from its uncompromising take on his heroism. This man who dislikes Jews and initially thinks only of his own profit, gradually, fitfully, is transformed by the end into someone who risks even the lives of his own family, whom he loves, in order to save the people he calls "my Jews."
Holland has made excellent movies in this vein before, especially the 1991 "Europa Europa," but "In Darkness" is her most unremitting achievement. The reason we feel so close to Socha, a man who at first seems nothing more than a racist scoundrel, is that his moral odyssey, with its advances and retreats, is so emotionally believable. Holland could not have chosen a better actor to play Socha, whose burliness and blank eyes are, as it turns out, camouflage for the valiant human within. (Wieck?ie?wicz has been amply honored in Poland for his stage and film work, almost all of which is maddeningly unavailable in the United States.)
There are sequences in this film that are almost impossible to take, such as the one in which the cries of a mother's newborn risks exposing the entire group, but for the most part Holland avoids depicting the full horror of the Jews' entrapment. (The assumption is that we already know the horrors.) When the story is periodically brought above ground, into the daylight, the effect is both exhilarating and unsettling. The bright, wide world looks like freedom after all that blackness, but this is an illusion: Death is here, too.
In the film's climax, the rain pouring down from the sky threatens to turn the sewers into a death trap. This is when Socha demonstrates his true mettle. He is possessed beyond reason by his need to save the Jews. Like few other movies, "In Darkness" gets at the mania of those who would risk everything to save others. Socha is bewildered by the man he has become, and exultant, too. He astonishes himself ? and us. Grade: A (Rated R for violence, disturbing images, sexuality, nudity, and language.)?
Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/B9HyNfLcryw/In-Darkness-movie-review
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The most important aim of several families is to aid their loved ones reside in their own home in a safe and sound and comfortable environment for as long as possible. No one?s favorite option is to go to a facility or an institution no matter how appealing the building or the decorations. For a senior to remain in their own property securely they many need just a number of hours of support or they may need around the clock care. An assessment by a home care professional is needed to identify what is best.
UNDERSTANDING THE COST OF ELDER CARE SERVICES:
According to the MetLife Mature Market Annual Survey on the Cost of Care in the United States, the findings look like this:
? The national average daily rate for a private room in a nursing home rose 4.4% from $229 in 2010 to $239 in 2011.
? The national average monthly base rate in an assisted living community rose 5.6% from $3,293 in 2010 to $3,477 in 2011.
? The national average daily rate for adult day services rose 4.5% from $67 in 2010 to $70 in 2011.
? The national average hourly rates for home health aides ($21) and homemakers ($19) were unchanged from 2010.
HOW MUCH WILL IT COST YOUR FAMILY?
The finest way to know specifically just how much home care services will expense is to speak to one of our professionals. Collectively you can come up with a plan of care and a number of hours that are not only cost-effective, but keep your aging loved one safe and in their own home.
Ask about options like The VA AID and ATTENDANCE PENSION BENEFIT, Reverse Mortgages, Life Settlements, and Long-Term Care Insurance. Chances are that one of those programs may be able to help with the cost.
HOW SOON CAN HOME CARE SERVICES START?
As soon as today in most cases. The start date is up to you, but our team is dedicated to getting a caregiver in your home as soon as you need them.
Contact us today:?(856) 432-2602
Assisted Living At Home is an elder care company servicing Burlington County, Camden County and Gloucester County with a primary focus on care for Alzheimer?s/dementia care for individuals in their home.
Source: http://www.assistedlivinginhomecare.com/elder-care-in-marlton-nj/
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Being physically fit can dramatically impact your life. It can boost your mood, your stamina and your self esteem. You will feel more confident and be better equipped to handle day to day life. This article will give you some tips on how you can make that a reality.
If you do not like a certain workout, instead of putting it off, you should try and get good at it. Most likely, you do not like the workout because it is too difficult for you or you cannot do it well. By doing the workout, you will build more strength towards your weakness.
When choosing a gym, make a ?shopping list?. Make a list of the things that are most important to you. Consider the various equipment that they offer, location, price, hours, trainers, classes, child care etc. Also, find out if you can sign up on a month to month basis, so you aren?t locked in to a long term contract if you discover that the gym doesn?t live up to your expectations.
A great way to build endurance and fitness is to run up and down hills. Hills are very challenging because of distance and of steep incline. A good way to run up hill is to keep your head up and to focus on the top of the hill.
Flexibility is an extremely important part of maintaining a high fitness level. You should make sure to incorporate enough stretching into your routine to keep your muscles loose and limber. Not only does it help with agility and strength, it can greatly reduce the risk of injuring yourself while you work out.
If you are looking to speed up your running time, be sure to add resistance training to your training routine. It has been found that resistance training actually helps speed up the 5K running times of seasoned runners, often by as much as thirty seconds. Start by adding eight-weeks of resistance training, then go from there.
Do dips to increase the amount of strength that you have in your triceps. Start by finding a nice bench. Then put both your hand backwards on the bench with your elbows facing up. Then dip as low as you can for as long as you can.
If you?re trying to get in better shape, don?t bother exercising when you have a cold, the flu, or another illness your body needs to fight off. Why? Your body has different priorities than you do ? when you?re sick, it will try to restore your health before it will devote any resources to muscle-building.
Give fitness enough time before you compare your results to your efforts. You should see results after a month of regular exercises. If you do not see any satisfying results after a month, you should rethink your routine or perhaps work out more. Do not stop exercising because you do not see results after one week only.
Be sure to watch what you eat and get regular exercise, in order to maintain a fit lifestyle. Daily execise along with a healthy diet will help you to lead a healthier and happier life. Avoid commonly known unhealthy ingredients in foods, to help maintain good heart health and wellness, in general.
Want to find out more about fast six pack, then visit Steve Brian ?s site on how to choose the best adapexin-p review for your needs.
Source: http://newhealthandfitness.org/2012/02/13/looking-for-fitness-tips-check-these-out/
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The American Heart Association has dedicated February as American Heart Month to increase awareness that heart health is a priority.Did you know that an estimated 82.6 million Americans have one or more types of cardiovascular disease? Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the US. Now is the perfect time to start educating yourself on the risks, and how best to get a strong healthy heart.
Give Your Heart a Workout
By Ginny Graves?
Unlock the lifesaving power of exercise with this three-pronged fitness breakthrough
If you?ve found the exercise-an-hour-per-day ideal a little daunting (or downright undoable), scientists have some very good news: While any activity is good for your ticker, new research shows that you can maximize its heart-attack-proofing benefits?and spend less time at the gym?by making three simple changes to your sweat schedule. Here?s how to get started. (Search: Heart attack prevention tips)
And while you?re at it, don?t fall for these workout myths that mess with results.
1. RECHARGE YOUR CARDIO
Recent studies have found that interval training (alternating between high-and moderate-intensity bursts of activity) can double and possibly even triple the heart-protecting benefits you?d get from moderate cardio sessions?even when you exercise for less time. ?Short cardio bursts make your heart work harder and pump more blood with each beat, which strengthens your entire cardiovascular system,? says David Swain, PhD, a professor of exercise science at Old Dominion University.
High-intensity cardio also prompts your muscles to develop more mitochondria, tiny energy-making units within cells that use sugar and fat for fuel. The more mitochondria you have, the better your muscles become at utilizing carbohydrates, improving the body?s insulin sensitivity. The result: Less sugar floats around in your blood, and this lowers the risk of type 2 diabetes, a major precursor to heart disease. (Related: Treat diabetes without drugs) High-intensity exercise may also give you a greater reduction in blood pressure. When you pick up the pace, artery walls produce nitric oxide, which boosts their ability to dilate so blood flows more easily.
Intimidated? Consider this: Norwegian researchers looked at two groups of patients who were suffering from chronic heart failure. Three times a week, one group walked at a moderate pace, while the other group did high-intensity bursts of walking. The interval-training group increased their VO2 max, a key indicator of cardiovascular function, by a whopping 46%?triple the increase seen in the slower walkers.
Walk Off Weight with Fat-Blasting Intervals
The best part: ?You gauge the intensity based on your own fitness level,? says Sharonne N. Hayes, MD, a cardiologist and founder of the Women?s Heart Clinic at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN. That might be a brisk walk for you, while it could be a fast jog for someone else.
3 times per week. Alternate between 1 to 2 minutes at 85% of your maximum heart rate and 2 to 3 minutes at 65% of MHR; work up to 30-to 60-second intervals at 95% of MHR.
Find Your Best Beat
Advertisement
Source: http://americasfitnesscoach.com/2012/02/07/february-is-heart-healthy-month/
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Job ID: 64350
Job Views: 63
Location: Fordingbridge,
Job Category: IT & Communications
Employment Type: Full time
Salary:
Posted: Sat Feb 04
Keywords (tags):
IT Support Engineer - Business Continuity/Disaster Recovery/Wi-Fi/VMware/Networks/VoIP
Fordingbridge, Hampshire (office/field based, covering the UK)
Up to ?38,000 DOE Plus Car Allowance, Performance Bonus
Are you looking to develop your IT skills with an industry leader? If so, this could be the role for you.
Our client is a fast-paced, professional, entrepreneurial IT business. As an end user solution provider, they specialise in consultancy, sales, integration and support, offering leading solutions for business continuity, disaster recovery, managed Wi-Fi, network and user security, IP infrastructure, VoIP, Real Time location services and much more. An opportunity has now arisen for an IT Support Engineer to join their team.
If you're a driven, tenacious and enthusiastic customer focused support professional, this high profile, hands-on role is for you.
As an IT Support Engineer, you will be responsible for systems design, implementation and subsequent support. This role will involve travel to and from client locations around the UK.
In addition to providing technical support, this varied role will comprise sales support and project management. You will also provide on-site critical and non-critical account troubleshooting, maintenance and problem resolution management.
Your other duties will include:
- Providing technical sales support, including product demonstration and seminar support
- System design, ensuring any proposed solution meets or exceeds client expectations
- Co-ordinating resources to meet or exceed clients' expectations of solution implementation and deployment
To be considered for this position, you must have proven IT support experience.
Experience with one or more of the following is also essential:
- Business Continuity
- Disaster Recovery
- VMware
- Microsoft Server 2003 or 2008
- Storage Area Networks
- Indoor or Outdoor Wireless (Wi-Fi) Networking
- IP based LANs, WANs and VoIP
As an IT Support Engineer, you must have excellent problem solving skills and a proactive approach. Excellent communication skills and plenty of initiative are also key.
In return, our client offers a challenging, stimulating position within a forward thinking and progressive organisation.
To apply for the role of IT Support Engineer, please apply via the button shown.
This vacancy is being advertised by Web Recruit Ltd. The services advertised by Web Recruit Ltd are those of an Employment Agency.
Additional Keywords: IT Support Engineer, IT Support, Technical Support Engineer, IT Support Technician, Support Engineer, IT Support, Technical Support, Business Continuity, Disaster Recovery, Wi-Fi, Wireless, VMware, Networks, VoIP, IT, IT Sales Engineer.
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By:
|
Associated Press
Published: February 03, 2012
Updated: February 03, 2012 - 7:01 PM
COLUMBUS, Ohio (AP) Proposed legislation in the state of Ohio would ban the purchase of lions, bears, gorillas and other exotic animals, but it also would allow current owners of such animals to keep the pets if they meet strict new requirements.
Efforts to strengthen the state's law took on new urgency in October when authorities were forced to kill 48 wild animals including endangered Bengal tigers after their owner freed them from his farm and then committed suicide.
Republican state Sen. Troy Balderson sent a letter Friday afternoon to state lawmakers, asking them to sign on to his proposal. He plans to introduce the bill Tuesday, and hearings are planned next week.
Zoo, circuses and research facilities would be exempt from the ban.
Source: http://www2.wsls.com/news/2012/feb/03/state-bill-would-ban-new-ownership-of-exotic-pets-ar-1662837/
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KIEV, Ukraine ? Russia and Ukraine both took extra precautions on Friday to protect homeless people, ordering new facilities and medical care after scores of people have frozen to death on the streets of Europe during a brutal cold snap.
As the death toll from the past week rose to at least 175 on Friday, Russian Emergencies Minister Sergei Shoigu ordered the creation of facilities nationwide to feed and provide medical assistance to the homeless.
Russia has not reported casualty figures from the cold snap, which has gripped a large swath of the continent from Russia to Serbia and reached as far west as the Netherlands. But Russian Deputy Health Minister Maxim Topilin was quoted by the ITAR-Tass news agency on Friday as saying that at least 64 people died from the cold in all of January.
In Ukraine, the hardest hit country, health officials have told hospitals to stop discharging the hundreds of homeless patients after they are treated for hypothermia and frostbite. The goal is to prevent them from dying once they are released into temperatures as low as minus 32 Celsius (minus 26 Fahrenheit).
Authorities also have set up nearly 3,000 heating and food shelters.
Thirty-eight more fatalities were reported from frostbite and hypothermia in Ukraine on Friday, raising the nation's death toll to 101. Emergency officials have said many of the victims were homeless.
Mykola Blyznyuk of the Health Ministry told the Kiev Post newspaper that many of the victims of hypothermia had broken their legs in falls and spent a long time on the ground in freezing temperatures while waiting for help to arrive.
Of the Ukrainians who have died since the cold weather hit Jan. 27, 64 were found frozen on the streets, 11 died in hospitals and 26 in their homes, emergency officials said.
It was so cold there, that some 1,500 swans, sea gulls and ducks froze to the ice in a small harbor near Ukraine's Black Sea port of Odessa, forcing emergency workers to use ships to break up the surface and free the birds, officials said.
The weeklong cold snap ? Eastern Europe's worst in decades ? is causing power outages, frozen water pipes and the widespread closure of schools, nurseries, airports and bus routes.
Bosnia reported its first deaths due to cold and snow. Five people died Friday in Sarajevo, most of them while shoveling snow, Dr. Tigran Elezovic said, and one person died in the southern city of Mostar, where ambulances could not reach the victim because of snow.
Rome ? where Italians are usually spared from cold winter weather ? experienced a rare snowfall on Friday, prompting officials to close the Colosseum, the Roman Forum and the Palatine Hill, the former home of Rome's ancient emperors, to prevent tourists from slipping and falling.
Northern Italy also has been gripped by snow and ice that is disrupting train travel.
Temperatures in the Italian Alps have fallen as low as minus -22 C (minus 7 F).
In the Netherlands, police in the eastern city of Wageningen reported that a homeless man found dead Thursday in a shed died of hypothermia, making him the first confirmed Dutch victim of the cold.
Traffic around the Netherlands was thrown into chaos Friday by snow. Trains ran with long delays and several flights in and out of Schiphol were delayed or canceled.
In Poland, the Interior Ministry recorded eight more deaths on Friday and said two other people died of asphyxiation from carbon monoxide-spewing charcoal heaters.
In Serbia, where six people have died, blizzards gripped Belgrade, the capital, and Novi, the country's second-largest city, complicating efforts to rescue people trapped in their homes.
Neighboring Croatia and Montenegro also were hard hit. In Croatia, some highways were closed and waters of the Adriatic Sea froze in some areas. Buses that travel from Zagreb, the capital, toward the coast have been canceled. In Montenegro, the airport in the capital, Podgorica, was closed due to heavy snow.
In northern Serbia, hundreds of tons of fish in the Ecka lakes were in danger because the water was icing over. Dozens of people have been working nonstop to break the ice, using hammers and all kinds of tools, and sometimes even falling into the freezing water.
___
Monica Scislowska in Warsaw, Jim Heintz in Moscow, Jovana Gec in Belgrade, Michael Corder in The Hague and Aida Cerekz in Bosnia contributed to this story.
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Holding information within one's memory for a short while is a seemingly simple and everyday task. We use our short-term memory when remembering a new telephone number if there is nothing to write at hand, or to find the beautiful dress inside the store that we were just admiring in the shopping window. Yet, despite the apparent simplicity of these actions, short-term memory is a complex cognitive act that entails the participation of multiple brain regions. However, whether and how different brain regions cooperate during memory has remained elusive. A group of researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics in T?bingen, Germany have now come closer to answering this question. They discovered that oscillations between different brain regions are crucial in visually remembering things over a short period of time.
It has long been known that brain regions in the frontal part of the brain are involved in short-term memory, while processing of visual information occurs primarily at the back of the brain. However, to successfully remember visual information over a short period of time, these distant regions need to coordinate and integrate information.
To better understand how this occurs, scientists from the Max Planck Institute of Biological Cybernetics in the department of Nikos Logothetis recorded electrical activity both in a visual area and in the frontal part of the brain in monkeys. The scientists showed the animals identical or different images within short intervals while recording their brain activity. The animals then had to indicate whether the second image was the same as the first one.
The scientists observed that, in each of the two brain regions, brain activity showed strong oscillations in a certain set of frequencies called the theta-band. Importantly, these oscillations did not occur independently of each other, but synchronized their activity temporarily: "It is as if you have two revolving doors in each of the two areas. During working memory, they get in sync, thereby allowing information to pass through them much more efficiently than if they were out of sync," explains Stefanie Liebe, the first author of the study, conducted in the team of Gregor Rainer in cooperation with Gregor H?rzer from the Technical University Graz. The more synchronized the activity was, the better could the animals remember the initial image. Thus, the authors were able to establish a direct relationship between what they observed in the brain and the performance of the animal.
The study highlights how synchronized brain oscillations are important for the communication and interaction of different brain regions. Almost all multi-faceted cognitive acts, such as visual recognition, arise from a complex interplay of specialized and distributed neural networks. How relationships between such distributed sites are established and how they contribute to represent and communicate information about external and internal events in order to attain a coherent percept or memory is still poorly understood.
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Stefanie Liebe, Gregor M Hoerzer, Nikos K Logothetis & Gregor Rainer (2012) Theta coupling between V4 and prefrontal cortex predicts visual short-term memory performance. Nature Neuroscience, 29 January 2012, doi: 10.1038/nn.3038.
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft: http://www.mpg.de
Thanks to Max-Planck-Gesellschaft for this article.
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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/117213/Short_term_memory_is_based_on_synchronized_brain_oscillations_
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